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Secondary Deposit

Gems or minerals that have been separated from their original rock and redeposited elsewhere.
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Trichroic

Refers to a gem that appears three different colors or shades when viewed from different directions.
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Faceting

Cutting and polishing of the surfaces of a gemstone into facets. The number and shape of the facets give the stone its style of cut.
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Placer Deposit

Concentrated (secondary) deposit of minerals, usually in rivers or seas.
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Geode

Cavity within a rock, in which crystals line the inner surface and grow toward the center.
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Amorphous

Without a regular internal atomic structure or external shape. Examples are glass, opal, or amber.
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Schiller

A form of platy iridescence.
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Spectroscope

Instrument used to view the absorption spectra of gemstones.
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Opalescence

Milky blue form of iridescence.
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Moh´s Scale of Hardness

Measure of a mineral´s hardness in relation to other minerals, based on its ability to resist scratching.
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Allochromatic

Refers to gems colored by impurities, without which the gem would be colorless.
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Birefraction

The difference between the highest and lowest refractive indices in doubly refractive gems.
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Refraction

Bending of light as it passes from air into a different medium.
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Annealing

A heat treatment of metal that realigns its crystalline structure to its natural, more malleable state. Annealing removes stresses created in manipulation during the work process.
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Fancy Cut

Name applied to a stone given an unconventional shape when cut.
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Alloy

The result of combining two or more metals, or a metal and a chemical element. For example, sterling silver is an alloy composed of pure silver and copper.
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Centrifugal Casting

A casting technique whereby molten metal is thrust into a mold by centrifugal force. The most common method is by means of a spring driven arm supporting a crucible and a mold flask.
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Species

Individual gems that have distinct characteristics which may be defined and verified.
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Luster

Shine or "look" of a gemstone due to reflection of light off the surface.
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Doublet

Composite stone made of two pieces cemented or glued together.